CVJ (Craniovertebral Junction)

CVJ (Craniovertebral Junction) anomalies refer to structural abnormalities or malformations at the junction between the skull (cranium) and the upper part of the spine (vertebral column). The CVJ is a critical region that involves the transition from the brainstem to the spinal cord. Anomalies in this area can potentially affect neurological function and may lead to a variety of symptoms. Here are some common CVJ anomalies:

Chiari Malformation: This is a condition where a portion of the cerebellum, called the cerebellar tonsils, extends below the foramen magnum (the opening at the base of the skull). This can lead to compression of the brainstem and spinal cord, causing symptoms such as headaches, neck pain, difficulty swallowing, and coordination problems.

Basilar Invagination (BI): In BI, there is an abnormal upward displacement of the upper cervical spine into the base of the skull. This can cause compression of the brainstem and spinal cord, leading to neurological symptoms. BI is often associated with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or congenital abnormalities.

Atlantoaxial Instability (AAI): AAI refers to excessive movement between the first (atlas) and second (axis) cervical vertebrae. This instability can result from congenital anomalies, trauma, or inflammatory conditions. AAI may lead to compression of the spinal cord and neurological symptoms.